Lecture Notes on Philippine Literature During the Spanish Period
1. Panunuluyan – a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus
2. Cenaculo – dramatic performance to remember the passion and death of Jesus Christ
Ø Kinds
o Hablada – the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse
o Cantada – chanted like the pasyon
Ø Octosyllabic, 8 verses in a stanza
Ø Takes about 3 nights of staging
3. Salubong or Panubong – an easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and his Mother
4. Tibag – a dramatic performance held during Maytime festivals to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the cross in which Jesus died.
5. Lagaylay – specific to the Pilarenos of Sorsogon, participating young ladies are chosen or volunteered by their mothers to fulfill a vow – to praise, respect and offer love to the Blessed Cross
6. Carillo – a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. Dialogues are from the corridor or awit or other religious plays.
7. Zarzuela – the father of drama. A musical comedy or melodrama in three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions
8. Sainete – a short musical comedy which are shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were from everyday life.
9. Moro-moro – performed on stage to remind the people of their Christian religion
10. Karagatan – a game which serves as a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person.
11. Duplo – a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning and is usually played during wakes for the dead.
12. Dung-aw – a chant in free-verse by a bereaved person to show his/her feelings, emotions, thoughts about the person who passed away. (Ilocano and Igorots) Panambitan or Taghoy in Tagalog
13. Balagtasan – contest of skills in a debate on a particular topic.
14. Awit & Corrido – narrative poetry
Awit
- Dodecasyllabic (12)
- Fabricated stories from the writer’s imagination (setting and characters - European)
- Chanted
- Florante at Laura
Corrido
- octosyllabic (8)
- legends or stories from European countries
- narrated
- Ibong Adarna
15. Doctrina Christiana
- 1593, xylographic printing
- Frs. Juan de Placencia & Domingo Nieva
- Our father
- Hail Mary
- Ten Commandments of God
- The Commandments of the Catholic Church
- The Seven Mortal Sin
- 87 pages, $5,000
- Vatican City, Madrid Museum, US Library of Congress
16. Nuestra Senora del Rosario
17. Ang Pasyon - quintillos
- Fr. Gaspar Aquilino de Belen - Manga Panalangin Nagtatagubilin sa Calolowa Nang Taong Naghihingalo
o 1st printing – 1704
o 2nd printing 1750
- Don Luis Guian - Pasyon ni Guian (1750)
- Fr. Mariano Pilapil , 1814
o With illustrations, sermon, advices
- Fr. Aniceto dela Merced
o According to EDSA – one of the pillars of Philippine poetry
18. Barlaan at Josaphat
- Fr. Antonio de Borja
- 1st Tagalog novel published in the Philippines
- 556 pages
19. Urbana at Feliza
- Fr. Modesto de Castro – Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog
- Series of 34 letters (paombong, bulacan), middle class Christian family
- Urbana – Manila
- Felisa and Honesto – paombong
20. Florante at Laura - Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Cahariang Albania: Quinuha sa madlang "cuadro histórico" o pinturang nagsasabi sa mgá nangyayari nang unang panahón sa Imperio ng̃ Grecia, at tinula ng isáng matouain sa versing Tagalog”
- One of the masterpieces of Philippine literature
- Florante at Laura is written in a literary form called Awit, a word which in its present usage means "song". But the literary form called Awit is a poetic form which has the following characteristics:
o 1. 4 lines per stanza;
o 2. 12 syllables per line;
o 3. an assonantal rhyme scheme of AAAA (in the Tagalog manner of rhyming described by Jose Rizal in Tagalische Verskunst);
o 4. a slight pause (a caesura) on the sixth syllable;
o 5. each stanza is usually a complete grammatically-correct sentence;
o 6. each stanza is full of figures of speech (according to Fernando Monleon, Balagtas used 28 types in 395 instances throughout the poem);
o 7. (according to the tradition during Balagtas' time,) the author remained anonymous,
o 8. he offered his/her poem to Maria Asuncion "Selya" Rivera (a tradition which Balagtas built upon in Kay Celia); and
o 9. he asked for the reader's pardon (which Balagtas does very confidently in Sa Babasa Nito).
- The story is about the struggle and love of the Duke Florante and Princess Laura of Albania during the war between the Christian Albanians and the Moros (Muslim people).
- Florante at Laura, Aladin at Flerida
21. Ibong Adarna - Corrido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan nang Tatlong Principeng Magcacapatid na Anac nang Haring Fernando at nang Reina Valeriana sa Cahariang Berbania
- Jose dela Cruz (Huseng Sisiw)
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